John p



l IMPROVE!) COIMPOS*I'IION-PAV'EilVlCIEiNT.

The

To all whom it may concern Be it known that LJOHN P. CRANFORD, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented and made a new and useful Improvement in Gomposition-Pavements and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the said invention, and of the features distinguishing the same from other composition-pat' ments.

In forming pavements of sand, gravel, broken stone, tar, and similar material, it is usual to remove the old round, or cohble-stone pavement, and excavate to the desired depth, and then form the roadway with layers of such materials, and roll them, for causing the mass to consolidate properly. In doing this, considerable expense is involved in removing the stones of the pavement, and in supplying sufficient thickness of composition-pavement for the required strength.

The nature of my said invention consists in a method of preparing the foundation and laying the compositionpavement, so as to avail ofthe stones already laid in the street, and put upon them a surface that makes a. smooth roadway, and one that is water-prooi', so that the frost will not injure l the saine.

I first prepa-re thecobble or other stones that may be laid in the streets, by driving them down moderately even by a heavy roller, or by ranimers, and, if neces sary, reset any loose 0r misplaced stones. I then remove the'earth, or dirt from between the stones, and clean the upper surface of the stones by brushing or scraping, and when the exposed surfaces of the stones are dry, I applyftar, or similar bituminous material, in a meltefbor liquid state, by pouring the same upon the stones.

In the drawing annexedthe improvement is illustrated by a vertical section, a a, representing,r the cohble-'stones as prepared in the aforesaid manner.

`JOHN P. ORANFORD, Or

Letters Patent No.v 88,139, dated M11/rch 23, 186i.`

@met Y @man BROOKLYN, NEW YORK Schedule referred tu in these Lettera Patent and making part of the sama.

I next apply a composition, formed of sand, asile gravel, or similar material, rendered plasticb`y`tlie mitire of sulicient tpaiLor other-,bituminous material. This is rammed, or otherwise forced into the interstices of the stones, so as to adhere to them. This layer is shown at b.

A second layer is applied tio form a body for the composition-pavement. This is composed of gravel or broken stone, mixed with sand, or gravel and ashes, or similar materials, rendered suliieiently plastic or adhesive, by tar, or bituminous material, to canse the mass to consolidate firmly when exposed to a heavy pressure, by rolling, or otherwise. This also more fully consolidates the tirst layer, b, and causes its adhesion to the stones. This layer is represented at c.

A top layer, d, is applied'ffor making,r a smooth and somewhat elastic surface. It is composed of liner materials than the layer c, suoli as gravel, sand, ashes, and tar, or bituminous material, and it is to be rolled even and solid. A pavement formed in the manner specified, is very durable, and can be laid at much less cost than those -befreconstructcd of stone, gravel, 83o., and bituminous material, because it does not require to be so thick. Water being excluded from' the foundation, there can be no injury from frost. f

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The composition-pavement, formed of layers, applied to and combined with astonc pavement, in substantially the manner specified.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my signature, this 18th day of February, 1869.

J OHN P. CRAN FORD.

Witnesses:

Cues. H. SMITH, f Gao. T. PINOKNEY. 

